Arccotangent Logarithmic Formulation
Theorem
For any real number $x$:
- $\arccot x = -\dfrac i 2 \map \ln {\dfrac {i x - 1} {i x + 1} }$
where $\arccot x$ is the arccotangent and $i^2 = -1$.
Proof
Assume $y \in \R$, $ -\dfrac \pi 2 \le y \le \dfrac \pi 2 $.
| \(\ds y\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \arccot x\) | ||||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds x\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \cot y\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds x\) | \(=\) | \(\ds i \dfrac {e^{i y} + e^{-i y} } {e^{i y} - e^{-i y} }\) | Euler's Cotangent Identity | ||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds x\) | \(=\) | \(\ds i \dfrac {e^{i y} \paren {e^{i y} + e^{-i y} } } {e^{i y} \paren {e^{i y} - e^{-i y} } }\) | multiplying top and bottom by $e^{i y}$ | ||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds x\) | \(=\) | \(\ds i \frac {e^{2 i y} + 1} {e^{2 i y} - 1 }\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds i x\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \frac {1 + e^{2 i y} } {1 - e^{2 i y} }\) | $ i^2 = -1 $ | ||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds i x \paren {1 - e^{2 i y} }\) | \(=\) | \(\ds 1 + e^{2 i y}\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds i x - i x e^{2 i y}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds 1 + e^{2 i y}\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds e^{2 i y} + i x e^{2 i y}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds i x - 1\) | rearranging | ||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds e^{2 i y} \paren {1 + i x }\) | \(=\) | \(\ds i x - 1\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds e^{2 i y}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \frac {i x - 1} {i x + 1}\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds 2 i y\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \map \ln {\dfrac {i x - 1} {i x + 1} }\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds y\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \dfrac 1 {2 i} \map \ln {\dfrac {i x - 1} {i x + 1} }\) | |||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds y\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \dfrac i i \times \dfrac 1 {2 i} \map \ln {\dfrac {i x - 1} {i x + 1} }\) | multiplying top and bottom by $i$ | ||||||||||
| \(\ds \leadstoandfrom \ \ \) | \(\ds y\) | \(=\) | \(\ds -\dfrac i 2 \map \ln {\dfrac {i x - 1} {i x + 1} }\) |
$\blacksquare$