Sum of Squares of Sine and Cosine/Corollary 2

Corollary to Sum of Squares of Sine and Cosine

For all $x \in \C$:

$\csc^2 x - \cot^2 x = 1 \quad \text {(when $\sin x \ne 0$)}$

where $\csc$, $\cot$ and $\sin$ are cosecant, cotangent and sine respectively.


Proof

When $\sin x \ne 0$:

\(\ds \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x\) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) Sum of Squares of Sine and Cosine
\(\ds \leadsto \ \ \) \(\ds 1 + \frac {\cos^2 x} {\sin^2 x}\) \(=\) \(\ds \frac 1 {\sin^2 x}\) dividing both sides by $\sin^2 x$, as $\sin x \ne 0$
\(\ds \leadsto \ \ \) \(\ds 1 + \cot^2 x\) \(=\) \(\ds \csc^2 x\) Definition of Cotangent and Definition of Cosecant
\(\ds \leadsto \ \ \) \(\ds \csc^2 x - \cot^2 x\) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) rearranging

$\blacksquare$


Also presented as

Difference of Squares of Cosecant and Cotangent can also be presented as:

$\csc^2 x = 1 + \cot^2 x \quad \text{(when $\sin x \ne 0$)}$

or:

$\cot^2 x = \csc^2 x - 1 \quad \text{(when $\sin x \ne 0$)}$


Sources

  • 1953: L. Harwood Clarke: A Note Book in Pure Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): $\text V$. Trigonometry: Formulae $(3)$
  • 1953: L. Harwood Clarke: A Note Book in Pure Mathematics ... (previous) ... (next): $\text V$. Trigonometry: Definitions of the ratios
  • 1968: Murray R. Spiegel: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 5$: Trigonometric Functions: $5.21$
  • 1981: Murray R. Spiegel: Theory and Problems of Complex Variables (SI ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $2$: Functions, Limits and Continuity: The Elementary Functions: $4$
  • 1998: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): trigonometric function
  • 2008: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (4th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): trigonometric function
  • 2014: Christopher Clapham and James Nicholson: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (5th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $12$: Trigonometric formulae
  • 2021: Richard Earl and James Nicholson: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics (6th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Appendix $14$: Trigonometric formulae