Exponential on Real Numbers is Group Isomorphism

Theorem

Let $\struct {\R, +}$ be the additive group of real numbers.

Let $\struct {\R_{> 0}, \times}$ be the multiplicative group of positive real numbers.


Let $\exp: \struct {\R, +} \to \struct {\R_{> 0}, \times}$ be the mapping:

$x \mapsto \map \exp x$

where $\exp$ is the exponential function.


Then $\exp$ is a group isomorphism.


Proof 1

From Exponential of Sum we have:

$\forall x, y \in \R: \map \exp {x + y} = \exp x \cdot \exp y$

That is, $\exp$ is a group homomorphism.

Then we have that Exponential is Strictly Increasing.

From Strictly Monotone Real Function is Bijective, it follows that $\exp$ is a bijection.

So $\exp$ is a bijective group homomorphism, and so a group isomorphism.

$\blacksquare$


Proof 2

From Real Numbers under Addition form Group, $\struct {\R, +}$ is a group.

From Strictly Positive Real Numbers under Multiplication form Uncountable Abelian Group, $\struct {\R_{> 0}, \times}$ is a group.

We have that for all $y \in R_{> 0}$ there exists $x = \map \ln y \in R$ which satisfies $\map \exp x = y$.


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Thus $\exp$ is a surjection.

Then from Exponential on Real Numbers is Injection:

$\exp$ is an injection.

Therefore, $\exp$ is a bijection.

Let $x, y \in R$.

From Exponential of Sum:

$\map \exp {x + y} = \map \exp x \, \map \exp y$


So $\exp$ is a homomorphism and a bijection.

It follows by definition that $\exp: \struct {\R, +} \to \struct {\R_{> 0}, \times}$ is an isomorphism.

$\blacksquare$


Sources

  • 1965: J.A. Green: Sets and Groups ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 7.3$. Isomorphism: Example $135$
  • 1965: Seth Warner: Modern Algebra ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $\text I$: Algebraic Structures: $\S 6$: Isomorphisms of Algebraic Structures: Example $6.5$
  • 1971: Allan Clark: Elements of Abstract Algebra ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $2$: Group Homomorphism and Isomorphism: $\S 62 \alpha$
  • 1982: P.M. Cohn: Algebra Volume 1 (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 3.2$: Groups; the axioms: Exercise $(8)$
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