Number of Magic Squares of Order 5

Theorem

Up to rotations and reflections, there are $275 \, 305 \, 224$ distinct magic squares of order $5$.


Proof


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Historical Note

The number of magic squares of order $5$ was determined by Richard Schroeppel in $1973$.


Sources

  • Jan. 1976: Martin Gardner: Mathematical Games (Scientific American Vol. 234, no. 1: p. ???)
  • 1986: David Wells: Curious and Interesting Numbers ... (previous) ... (next): $275,305,224$
  • 1997: David Wells: Curious and Interesting Numbers (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $275,305,224$
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