Proenkephalin

PENK
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1PLW, 1PLX, 2LWC, 5E33, 5E3A
Identifiers
Aliases	PENK, proenkephalin, PE, PENK-A
External IDs	OMIM: 131330; MGI: 104629; HomoloGene: 4528; GeneCards: PENK; OMA:PENK - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	56,446,671 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	4,138,819 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	nucleus accumbens; ; putamen; ; right testis; ; left testis; ; cartilage tissue; ; caudate nucleus; ; ganglionic eminence; ; middle frontal gyrus; ; external globus pallidus; ; urethra;
	Top expressed in
	ciliary body; ; olfactory tubercle; ; nucleus accumbens; ; globus pallidus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; efferent ductule; ; entorhinal cortex; ; calvaria; ; skin of external ear; ; iris;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	opioid peptide activity; protein binding; neuropeptide hormone activity; opioid receptor binding;
Cellular component	perikaryon; cell body fiber; axon; symmetric synapse; dendrite; plasma membrane; axon terminus; soma; extracellular region; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; synaptic vesicle lumen; neuronal dense core vesicle lumen;
Biological process	cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; cellular response to virus; general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process; response to estradiol; response to hypoxia; startle response; locomotory behavior; response to nicotine; ageing; response to epinephrine; cellular response to vitamin D; behavioral fear response; locomotory exploration behavior; response to calcium ion; response to morphine; response to lipopolysaccharide; osteoblast differentiation; glial cell proliferation; sensory perception of pain; cellular response to oxidative stress; response to radiation; response to ethanol; positive regulation of behavioral fear response; response to toxic substance; cellular response to cAMP; aggressive behavior; signal transduction; sensory perception; neuropeptide signaling pathway; chemical synaptic transmission; post-translational protein modification; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; response to bacterium;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5179
	18619
	ENSG00000181195
	ENSMUSG00000045573
	P01210
	P22005
	NM_006211; NM_001135690
	NM_001002927; NM_001348209
	NP_001129162
	NP_001002927; NP_001335138
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Proenkephalin (PENK), formerly known as proenkephalin A (since proenkephalin B was renamed prodynorphin), is an endogenous opioid polypeptide hormone which, via proteolyic cleavage, produces the enkephalin peptides met-enkephalin, and to a lesser extent, leu-enkephalin. Upon cleavage, each proenkephalin peptide results in the generation of four copies of Met-enkephalin, two extended copies of met-enkephalin, and one copy of leu-enkephalin. Contrarily, Leu-enkephalin is predominantly synthesized from prodynorphin, which produces three copies of it per cleavage, and no copies of Met-enkephalin. Other endogenous opioid peptides produced by proenkephalin include adrenorphin, amidorphin, BAM-18, BAM-20P, BAM-22P, peptide B, peptide E, and peptide F.