Somatostatin

SST
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2MI1
Identifiers
Aliases	SST, SMST, somatostatin, Somatostatin, Somatostatin, SST1
External IDs	OMIM: 182450; MGI: 98326; HomoloGene: 819; GeneCards: SST; OMA:SST - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	187,670,394 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	23,709,708 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	beta cell; ; body of pancreas; ; duodenum; ; cardia; ; jejunal mucosa; ; pylorus; ; orbitofrontal cortex; ; prefrontal cortex; ; nucleus accumbens; ; putamen;
	Top expressed in
	islet of Langerhans; ; entorhinal cortex; ; perirhinal cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; anterior amygdaloid area; ; arcuate nucleus; ; primary visual cortex; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; subiculum; ; CA3 field;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; soma; extracellular space;
Biological process	negative regulation of cell population proliferation; hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway; hyperosmotic response; chemical synaptic transmission; regulation of cell migration; response to heat; response to nutrient; response to acidic pH; response to steroid hormone; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; response to amino acid; cell-cell signaling; response to organonitrogen compound; digestion; cell surface receptor signaling pathway; regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6750
	20604
	ENSG00000157005
	ENSMUSG00000004366
	P61278
	P60041
	NM_001048
	NM_009215
	NP_001039
	NP_033241
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion.

Somatostatin has two active forms produced by the alternative cleavage of a single preproprotein: one consisting of 14 amino acids (shown in infobox to right), the other consisting of 28 amino acids.

Among the vertebrates, there exist six different somatostatin genes that have been named: SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5 and SS6. Zebrafish have all six. The six different genes, along with the five different somatostatin receptors, allow somatostatin to possess a large range of functions. Humans have only one somatostatin gene, SST.