If I want my job to take place mostly in the wild, what kind of career should I look into?
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This depends on a great number of personal preferences. Here are some examples to consider:
Adventure Company Guide - If you want to lead others in a purely recreational sense, you can be a guide for one of the many adventure companies. Some examples of these companies are here: http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/outfitterhome
Outward Bound and NOLS - If you want to lead others in the outdoors with some element of education or development, the biggest names in the United States are probably Outward Bound (outwardbound.net is their international site) and NOLS (nols.edu), which run very good, very well reputed programs. They also run international programs.
Wilderness Therapy - If you want to help people therapeutically in the outdoors (counseling, guiding, etc.), you could work for a company that does what is called "wilderness therapy." Examples would be Open Sky Wilderness Therapy (openskywilderness.com) or Anasazi Foundation (anasazi.org).
Naturalist Interpreter - If you want to educate others in the outdoors, there are lots of interpretive programs through the National Parks, as well as many schools that are primarily outdoor or experiential oriented. (Examples: http://www.christodora.org/ http://www.hooksumschool.com/)
Outdoor Athlete - If you want to be a professional outdoor athlete, you could become very good at skiing/snowboarding/climbing/etc and get work that way. Along the same lines, you could be involved in video production companies that work on climbing or ski films (such as Sender Films or Big Up Productions).
Field Scientist - If you're interested in the sciences, you could be a botanist, biologist, forester, or natural resource specialist. The National Park Service & other federal land management agencies often hire lots of these types of people, and they get to hang out in the outdoors all day.
University - If you want to help others experience the outdoors you could work for a college or university outdoor program. Some of them offer very interesting programs and trips, and even degrees such as Adventure Education (www.fortlewis.edu, www.prescott.edu), Experiential Education, or Recreation Management.
Archaeologist - especially one who works in Cultural Resource Management (CRM) (often includes private companies that survey for oil pipeline projects or power lines, etc)
Natural Resource Manager or Technician - especially one who does lots of field work in less-built environments. For example, forestry or logging based on natural regeneration rather than plantation will have you spending a lot more time in woods that don't feel micromanaged. There are a variety of natural resources to manage, and the different subsets within this discipline can have you working in different environments: streams, wetlands, prairies, different types of forests, etc.
Park Ranger or the equivalent in your country. In some case this means joining the armed forces (e.g. in Italy where Law enforcement in this field at national level is carried out by Carabinieri Forestali).
Mountain Guide - leading others in (high) alpine tours of varying difficulty, as well as teaching mountaineering and other related skills. I suggest you check in with local alpine clubs, if not directly responsible for the local education/certification they will be able to tell you how to proceed.
Outdoors Sports Instructor - Many outdoors sports are primarily learned and trained in the outdoors. How wild these outdoors are depends a lot on the actual sport (and on what you consider as wild), but as an instructor of such activities you will get to spend most of your time out in the elements. Examples can be rock climbing, kayaking, skiing/snowboarding, mountain biking, ...
Forester - as a forester you will spend considerable time in some office (more than they generally would like to, at least from what I'm told) - but you do get the frequent broad opportunity to go out into the woods in your professional capacity.
Logger - as a logger you'll spend your days in forests. However, while certainly being one of the most "terminally-outdoorsy" jobs there is, if you are looking for undisturbed wilds logging might not the thing for you.
Mountain Cabin Steward - many countries have systems of alpine or other remote wilderness huts which are operated by stewards. As steward you'd look after the (very basic) local infrastructure, prepare firewood, prepare and/or sell food and accomodation to vistors, etc. In certain places these huts can be amazingly remote, see for example the Swedish STF mountain cabins.
Fire watch - while being on the decline due to the advance of automated surveillance systems, there still are places that employ human staff as fire watch. You'd be living in a watch tower on top of a hill, keeping a lookout for smoke and flames. Note that often these are now unpaid volunteer jobs.
I'm sure there are lots of other options I haven't listed, too. Looking at the types of jobs you might be into, there are several websites to peruse: www.outdoored.com (they have articles and a job search function) www.aee.org (Association for Experiential Education - they have lots of jobs and articles in the realm of experiential education) www.bluefishjobs.com (lots of jobs that have an outdoor element - sometimes you have to search hard to find fun ones)
Good luck. Hope this helps.
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A good outdoor job that allows for much hiking and outdoor activity is that of an archaeologist, especially one who works in Cultural Resource Management (CRM) (often includes private companies that survey for oil pipeline projects or power lines, etc), or for one of the federal land/wildlife management agencies, such as the National Park Service (NPS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the US Fish & Wildlife Service, or the US Forest Service (USFS).
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