Can I leave on my returning layover flight?
Yes and no.
This technique is called "hidden city ticketing" and I recommend reading up on this either on stack exchange or googling it.
In a nut-shell: the airlines artificially inflate prices on non-stop routes where they have a monopoly and try to protect this pricing by enforcing bizarre rules. Passengers try to get around it and the airlines don't like it.
It's not illegal and nobody will physically prevent you from doing it. However it violates the terms and conditions of the airline carrier that you accepted when you bought the ticket. In some cases the airline will try to inflict some punishment on you. This can range from wiping out your status or rewards miles to actually dragging you to court. The latter though is extremely rare and so far no airline has actually achieved a conviction.
Other points to consider: If you try to skip a leg on the outgoing flight, the airline will cancel your remaining ticket. You also need to be able to access your checked luggage (if you have any). In your specific case, that's not a problem since you need to clear US customs in Detroit anyway.
Overall: if you don't care about future relationship with this particular airline, you can do this. If you are planning to use them in the occasionally or regularly, I wouldn't.