This is related to usa - Should I use a "burner" phone when visiting the US? - Travel Stack Exchange but not for border control reasons.
I did a road trip through the USA, from Canada, for 5 days.
During that trip I:
signed up for data roaming with my Canadian cellular provider. The roaming was done on a large US cellular provider (one whose news coverage is usually rather unflattering). Therefore they knew my number.
only gave out my phone number twice to hotels, in response to "where can we contact you?" questions. I usually purposefully switch the last 2 digits of my phone number to avoid spamming (e.g. 37 rather than 73) but figured I wanted to be notified if I forgot something.
Upon my return, I have easily 10-20x the usual number of spam robocalls. I have an unlisted number and only give it out when needed so I usually don't get bothered much. These spam calls are from numbers not in my contacts, don't leave any messages, not easily found on reverse lookups. From different cities in British Columbia, where I don't know anyone, but also from other provinces.
I usually have 3-4 of those a month, at most. First day I was back in Canada, I had 7 or 8 and have been getting a few a day since. Not a huge hassle, the phone is set up to send unrecognized numbers straight to voice mail, without ringing.
Is this something that can be expected from only giving out your number twice and being signed up for roaming? I assume that one of the hotels or the cellular company passed on my number to marketing third parties.
I am not expecting a definitive answer, but, well, if other travelers have had the same experience we can all learn to be more careful when traveling in the US. And if it didn't happen to anyone else, I'll chalk it up to a coincidence.
P.S. I assume this would be more likely to happen to Canadians as I can't see the attraction for US companies to enter into lots of marketing list arrangements with random European or Asian countries.
Update 10 weeks later. The unknown caller calls only ended up lasting for about 2 weeks after my return and their volume has now dropped back to its very infrequent average so this does seem related to my trip and not some otherwise changed circumstances. If I had to guess, my number was sold on to a few shady operators who learned not to bother after getting ignored from different spoofed numbers.