Naphthalene

Naphthalene
Names
	IUPAC name Naphthalene
	Other names white tar, camphor tar, tar camphor, naphthalin, naphthaline, antimite, albocarbon, hexalene, mothballs, moth flakes
Identifiers
CAS Number	91-20-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1421310
ChEBI	CHEBI:16482 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL16293 ;
ChemSpider	906 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.863
EC Number	214-552-7;
Gmelin Reference	3347
KEGG	C00829 ;
PubChem CID	931;
RTECS number	QJ0525000;
UNII	2166IN72UN ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8020913 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H Key: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H Key: UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYAC;
	SMILES c1c2ccccc2ccc1;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H8
Molar mass	128.174 g·mol−1
Appearance	White solid crystals/ flakes
Odor	Strong odor of coal tar or mothballs
Density	1.145 g/cm3 (15.5 °C); 1.0253 g/cm3 (20 °C); 0.9625 g/cm3 (100 °C)
Melting point	78.2 °C (172.8 °F; 351.3 K) ; 80.26 °C (176.47 °F; 353.41 K); at 760 mmHg
Boiling point	217.97 °C (424.35 °F; 491.12 K) ; at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water	19 mg/L (10 °C); 31.6 mg/L (25 °C); 43.9 mg/L (34.5 °C); 80.9 mg/L (50 °C); 238.1 mg/L (73.4 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in alcohols, liquid ammonia, Carboxylic acids, C6H6, SO2, CCl4, CS2, toluene, aniline
Solubility in ethanol	5 g/100 g (0 °C); 11.3 g/100 g (25 °C); 19.5 g/100 g (40 °C); 179 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in acetic acid	6.8 g/100 g (6.75 °C); 13.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C); 31.1 g/100 g (42.5 °C); 111 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in chloroform	19.5 g/100 g (0 °C); 35.5 g/100 g (25 °C); 49.5 g/100 g (40 °C); 87.2 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in hexane	5.5 g/100 g (0 °C); 17.5 g/100 g (25 °C); 30.8 g/100 g (40 °C); 78.8 g/100 g (70 °C)
Solubility in butyric acid	13.6 g/100 g (6.75 °C); 22.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C); 131.6 g/100 g (60 °C)
log P	3.34
Vapor pressure	8.64 Pa (20 °C); 23.6 Pa (30 °C); 0.93 kPa (80 °C); 2.5 kPa (100 °C)
Henry's law; constant (kH)	0.42438 L·atm/mol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−91.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	98 kPa:; 0.1219 W/m·K (372.22 K); 0.1174 W/m·K (400.22 K); 0.1152 W/m·K (418.37 K); 0.1052 W/m·K (479.72 K)
Refractive index (nD)	1.5898
Viscosity	0.964 cP (80 °C); 0.761 cP (100 °C); 0.217 cP (150 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Space group	P21/b
Point group	C5; 2h
Lattice constant	a = 8.235 Å, b = 6.003 Å, c = 8.658 Å α = 90°, β = 122.92°, γ = 90°
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	165.72 J/mol·K
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	167.39 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	78.53 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	201.585 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−5156.3 kJ/mol
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Flammable, sensitizer, possible carcinogen. Dust can form explosive mixtures with air
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H228, H302, H351, H410
Precautionary statements	P210, P273, P281, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 2 0
Flash point	80 °C (176 °F; 353 K)
Autoignition; temperature	525 °C (977 °F; 798 K)
Explosive limits	5.9%
Threshold limit value (TLV)	10 ppm (TWA), 15 ppm (STEL)
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1800 mg/kg (rat, oral); 490 mg/kg (rat, intravenous); 1200 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral); 533 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) ST 15 ppm (75 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	250 ppm
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C
₁₀H
₈. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.