Chloroform
|
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloromethane | |||
Other names
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
CAS Number |
|||
3D model (JSmol) |
|||
| Abbreviations | R-20, TCM | ||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.603 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| KEGG | |||
PubChem CID |
|||
| RTECS number |
| ||
| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1888 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
|||
InChI
| |||
SMILES
| |||
| Properties | |||
Chemical formula |
CHCl3 | ||
| Molar mass | 119.37 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Highly refractive colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | Sweet, minty, pleasant | ||
| Density | 1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C) 1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C) 1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K) decomposes at 450 °C | ||
Solubility in water |
10.62 g/L (0 °C) 8.09 g/L (20 °C) 7.32 g/L (60 °C) | ||
| Solubility | Soluble in benzene Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2 | ||
| Solubility in acetone | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
| Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
| Vapor pressure | 0.62 kPa (−40 °C) 7.89 kPa (0 °C) 25.9 kPa (25 °C) 313 kPa (100 °C) 2.26 MPa (200 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 15.7 (20 °C) | ||
| UV-vis (λmax) | 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm | ||
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) |
−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C) | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4459 (20 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 0.563 cP (20 °C) | ||
| Structure | |||
Molecular shape |
Tetrahedral | ||
Dipole moment |
1.15 D | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
114.25 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
202.9 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−134.3 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−71.1 kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
473.21 kJ/mol | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| N01AB02 (WHO) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Decomposes into phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of heat – likely carcinogenic – reproductive toxicity – hepatotoxic | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
Pictograms |
|||
Signal word |
Danger | ||
Hazard statements |
H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372 | ||
Precautionary statements |
P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | Nonflammable | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal) | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
47,702 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr) | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
| ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
50 ppm (240 mg/m3) | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
500 ppm | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
| ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Chloroform (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |||
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).