If what I've read is correct, Guadeloupe is part of France and EU but not part of Schengen. However, they also have a 90/180 rule for US citizens. So it seems (can't imagine anyone wanting to) you could go back and forth between Schengen and Guadeloupe indefinitely (with a transition day somewhere else to avoid counting the travel day in both).
Am I misinterpreting something?